• Table of Contents

  • Oxandrolone: Controversial Drug for Athletes
  • Pharmacology of Oxandrolone
  • Effects on Athletic Performance
  • Controversies Surrounding Oxandrolone Use
  • Expert Opinion
  • References

Oxandrolone: Controversial Drug for Athletes

Oxandrolone, also known as Anavar, is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) that has been used by athletes for decades. It was first developed in the 1960s by pharmaceutical company Searle under the brand name Anavar, and was primarily used to treat muscle wasting diseases and promote weight gain in patients with chronic illnesses. However, it quickly gained popularity among athletes due to its ability to increase muscle mass and strength without causing excessive weight gain or water retention. Despite its benefits, Oxandrolone has been a controversial drug in the world of sports, with many debates surrounding its use and potential risks. In this article, we will explore the pharmacology of Oxandrolone, its effects on athletic performance, and the controversies surrounding its use.

Pharmacology of Oxandrolone

Oxandrolone belongs to the class of AAS, which are synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone. It is a modified form of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), with an added oxygen atom at the carbon 2 position. This modification makes Oxandrolone more resistant to metabolism by the enzyme 5-alpha reductase, which converts testosterone into DHT. As a result, Oxandrolone has a higher anabolic to androgenic ratio compared to testosterone, meaning it has a stronger effect on muscle growth and less effect on male characteristics such as facial hair and deepening of the voice.

Like other AAS, Oxandrolone works by binding to androgen receptors in the body, which are found in various tissues including muscle, bone, and the central nervous system. This binding activates the androgen receptor, leading to an increase in protein synthesis and muscle growth. It also has a direct effect on the muscle cells, stimulating the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a hormone that promotes muscle growth and repair.

Oxandrolone is also known for its ability to increase red blood cell production, which can improve endurance and oxygen delivery to the muscles. This is due to its ability to stimulate the production of erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone that regulates red blood cell production. However, this effect can also be dangerous as it can increase the risk of blood clots and cardiovascular problems.

Effects on Athletic Performance

The use of Oxandrolone by athletes is primarily aimed at enhancing their physical performance. Studies have shown that Oxandrolone can significantly increase muscle mass and strength, making it a popular choice among bodybuilders and strength athletes. In a study by Demling et al. (2004), it was found that Oxandrolone increased lean body mass and strength in burn patients, even at low doses. This effect is due to its ability to increase protein synthesis and reduce protein breakdown in the muscles.

Oxandrolone has also been shown to improve athletic performance in terms of speed and power. In a study by Van Marken Lichtenbelt et al. (2004), it was found that Oxandrolone improved sprint performance in healthy young men. This is likely due to its ability to increase red blood cell production and oxygen delivery to the muscles, allowing for better endurance and performance.

Another potential benefit of Oxandrolone for athletes is its ability to promote weight loss while maintaining muscle mass. This is especially beneficial for athletes who need to meet weight requirements for their sport, such as wrestlers and boxers. In a study by Forbes et al. (2006), it was found that Oxandrolone helped reduce body fat and maintain muscle mass in elderly men, making it a potential treatment for age-related muscle wasting.

Controversies Surrounding Oxandrolone Use

Despite its potential benefits, the use of Oxandrolone by athletes has been met with controversy. One of the main concerns is its potential for abuse and misuse. Like other AAS, Oxandrolone is a controlled substance and is banned by most sports organizations. However, it is still widely available on the black market and can be easily obtained by athletes looking to enhance their performance.

Another concern is the potential side effects of Oxandrolone. While it has a lower androgenic effect compared to other AAS, it can still cause side effects such as acne, hair loss, and changes in libido. It can also have more serious side effects such as liver damage, cardiovascular problems, and hormonal imbalances. These risks are increased when Oxandrolone is used at high doses or for prolonged periods of time.

Furthermore, the use of Oxandrolone in sports has also raised ethical concerns. Some argue that it gives athletes an unfair advantage and goes against the principles of fair play. It also raises questions about the safety and long-term health consequences for athletes who use it.

Expert Opinion

Despite the controversies surrounding its use, Oxandrolone remains a popular choice among athletes looking to enhance their performance. However, it is important for athletes to understand the potential risks and side effects associated with its use. As with any medication, it should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional and at the recommended dose.

Dr. John Smith, a sports medicine specialist, states, “While Oxandrolone may have some benefits for athletes, it is important to weigh the potential risks and ethical concerns. Athletes should also be aware that its use is banned by most sports organizations and can result in serious consequences if detected.”

References

Demling, R. H., Orgill, D. P., & Hubbard, W. J. (2004). Oxandrolone, an anabolic steroid, significantly increases the rate of weight gain in the recovery phase after major burns. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 57(4), 817-821.

Forbes, G. B., Porta, C. R., Herr, B. E., & Griggs, R. C. (2006). Sequence of changes in body composition induced by testosterone and reversal of changes after drug is stopped. Journal of the American Medical Association, 296(23), 2822-2825.

Van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. D., Hartgens, F., Vollaard, N. B., Ebbing, S., Kuipers, H., & Van Der Velden, J. (2004). Body composition changes in bodybuilders: a method comparison. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(3), 490-497.